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An elevated railway (also known in Europe as overhead railway) is a rapid transit railway with the tracks above street level on a viaduct or other steel, concrete or brick structure. The railway may be standard gauge, narrow gauge, light rail, monorail or a suspension railway. Elevated railways are usually used in urban areas where there would otherwise be a large number of level crossings. The tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts, can be seen below. ==History== The earliest elevated railway was the London and Greenwich Railway on a brick viaduct of 878 arches, built between 1836 and 1838. The first of the London and Blackwall Railway (1840) was also on a viaduct. During the 1840s there were other schemes for elevated railways in London which did not come to fruition.〔Jack Simmons and Gordon Biddle, ''The Oxford Companion to British Railway History,'' Oxford University Press, (1997), p.360.〕 From the late 1860s elevated railways became popular in US cities. The New York West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway operated with cable cars from 1868 to 1870, thereafter locomotive-hauled. This was followed by the Manhattan Railway in 1875, the Boston Elevated Railway (1887–), and the South Side Elevated Railroad, Chicago (1892–). The Chicago transit system itself is known as "L", short for "elevated". The Berlin Stadtbahn (1882) is also mainly elevated. The first electric elevated railway was the Liverpool Overhead Railway, which operated through Liverpool docks from 1893 until 1956. In London the Docklands Light Railway is a modern elevated railway, opened in 1987 and since expanded.〔("DLR History Timeline". ) Transport for London.〕 The trains are driverless and automatic.〔("Where are the drivers?" ) Transport for London.〕 Another modern elevated railway is Tokyo's driverless Yurikamome line, opened in 1995.〔 New Transit Yurikamome website (History ) Retrieved Mar 3, 2015 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「elevated railway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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